describe various processes used in science and technology that enable us to understand natural phenomena and develop technological solutions
describe the role of collecting evidence, finding relationships, and proposing explanations in the development of scientific knowledge
describe and explain the role of collecting evidence, finding relationships, proposing explanations, and imagination in the development of scientific knowledge
describe and explain the role of experimentation, collecting evidence, finding relationships, proposing explanations, and imagination in the development of scientific knowledge
provide examples of how technologies used in the past were developed through trial and error
describe how technologies develop as a systematic trial-and-error process that is constrained by the properties of materials and the laws of nature
illustrate how technologies develop as a systematic trial-and-error process that is constrained by cost, the availability and properties of materials, and the laws of nature
identify different approaches taken to answer questions, solve problems, and make decisions
describe scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making, and provide examples where they may be applied
compare scientific inquiry, problem solving, and decision making in terms of their purpose, goals, and applications
relate personal activities in formal and informal settings to specific science disciplines
relate personal activities and various scientific and technological endeavours to specific science disciplines and interdisciplinary study areas
distinguish between terms that are scientific or technological and those that are not
explain the importance of choosing words that are scientifically or technologically appropriate
explain the importance of using precise language in science and technology
describe the development of science and technology over time
provide examples of ideas and theories used in the past to explain natural phenomena
distinguish between ideas used in the past and theories used today to explain natural phenomena
identify major shifts in scientific world views
describe examples of how scientific knowledge has evolved in light of new evidence
illustrate examples of conflicting evidence for similar scientific questions
explain the need for new evidence in order to continually test existing theories
provide examples of technologies used in the past to meet human needs
describe examples of how technologies have been improved over time
compare examples of past and current technologies developed to meet a similar need
explain how science and technology interact with and advance one another
provide examples of scientific knowledge that have resulted in the development of technologies
provide examples of technologies used in scientific research
provide examples of technologies that have enabled scientific research
provide examples of technologies that have enhanced, promoted, or made possible scientific research
describe the science underlying particular technologies designed to explore natural phenomena, extend human capabilities, or solve practical problems
apply the concept of systems as a tool for interpreting the structure and interactions of natural and technological systems
illustrate how the needs of individuals, society, and the environment influence and are influenced by scientific and technological endeavours
describe how an individual's needs can lead to developments in science and technology
describe how a community's needs can lead to developments in science and technology
explain how society's needs can lead to developments in science and technology
provide examples of Canadian institutions that support scientific and technological endeavours
provide examples of public and private Canadian institutions that support scientific and technological research and endeavours
provide examples of how Canadian research projects in science and technology are supported
provide examples of how science and technology affect their lives and their community
provide examples to illustrate that scientific and technological activities take place in a variety of individual or group settings
identify science- and technology-based careers in their community
provide examples of science- and technology-based careers in their province or territory
describe examples of science- and technology-based careers in Canada, and relate these careers to their studies in science
provide examples of Canadian contributions to science and technology
analyse social issues related to the applications and limitations of science and technology, and explain decisions in terms of advantages and disadvantages for sustainability, considering a few perspectives
identify some positive and negative effects and intended and unintended consequences of a particular scientific or technological development
describe possible positive and negative effects of a particular scientific or technological development, and explain how different groups in society may have different needs and desires in relation to it
describe possible positive and negative effects of a particular scientific or technological development, and explain why a practical solution requires a compromise between competing priorities
analyse the design of a technology and the way it functions on the basis of its impact on their daily lives
analyse the design of a technology and the way it functions on the basis of identified criteria such as cost and impact on daily life and the community
evaluate the design of a technology and the way it functions on the basis of identified criteria such as cost and the impact on daily life and the environment
suggest solutions to problems that arise from applications of science and technology, taking into account potential advantages and disadvantages
make informed decisions about applications of science and technology, taking into account personal and social advantages and disadvantages
make informed decisions about applications of science and technology, taking into account environmental and social advantages and disadvantages
provide examples of problems that arise at home, in an industrial setting, or in the environment that cannot be solved using scientific and technological knowledge
propose a course of action on social issues related to science and technology, taking into account personal needs
propose a course of action on social issues related to science and technology, taking into account personal and community needs
propose a course of action on social issues related to science and technology, taking into account human and environmental needs
ask questions about relationships between and among observable variables and plan investigations to address those questions
rephrase questions in a testable form and clearly define practical problems
identify questions to investigate arising from practical problems and issues
define and delimit questions and problems to facilitate investigation
propose alternative solutions to a given practical problem, select one, and develop a plan
state a prediction and a hypothesis based on background information or an observed pattern of events
design an experiment and identify major variables
formulate operational definitions of major variables and other aspects of their investigations
select appropriate methods and tools for collecting data and information and for solving problems
conduct investigations into relationships between and among observations, and gather and record qualitative and quantitative data
carry out procedures controlling the major variables
estimate measurements
use instruments effectively and accurately for collecting data
organize data using a format that is appropriate to the task or experiment
select and integrate information from various print and electronic sources or from several parts of the same source
use tools and apparatus safely
demonstrate a knowledge of WHMIS standards by using proper techniques for handling and disposing of lab materials
analyse qualitative and quantitative data and develop and assess possible explanations
use or construct a classification key
compile and display data, by hand or computer, in a variety of formats, including diagrams, flow charts, tables, bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plots
identify strengths and weaknesses of different methods of collecting and displaying data
predict the value of a variable by interpolating or extrapolating from graphical data
identify the line of best fit on a scatter plot and interpolate or extrapolate based on the line of best fit
interpret patterns and trends in data, and infer and explain relationships among the variables
identify, and suggest explanations for, discrepancies in data
apply given criteria for evaluating evidence and sources of information
calculate theoretical values of a variable
identify potential sources and determine the amount of error in measurement
state a conclusion, based on experimental data, and explain how evidence gathered supports or refutes an initial idea
identify and evaluate potential applications of findings
test the design of a constructed device or system
identify and correct practical problems in the way a prototype or constructed device functions
evaluate designs and prototypes in terms of function, reliability, safety, efficiency, use of materials, and impact on the environment
identify new questions and problems that arise from what was learned
work collaboratively on problems and use appropriate language and formats to communicate ideas, procedures, and results
receive, understand, and act on the ideas of others
communicate questions, ideas, intentions, plans, and results, using lists, notes in point form, sentences, data tables, graphs, drawings, oral language, and other means
work cooperatively with team members to develop and carry out a plan, and troubleshoot problems as they arise
evaluate individual and group processes used in planning, problem solving, decision making, and completing a task
defend a given position on an issue or problem, based on their findings
explain and compare processes that are responsible for the maintenance of an organism's life
explain how biological classification takes into account the diversity of life on Earth
identify the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in a local ecosystem, and describe both their diversity and their interactions
describe conditions essential to the growth and reproduction of plants and microorganisms in an ecosystem and relate these conditions to various aspects of the human food supply
illustrate and explain that the cell is a living system that exhibits all the characteristics of life
distinguish between plant and animal cells
explain that growth and reproduction depend on cell division
explain structural and functional relationships between and among cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the human body
relate the needs and functions of various cells and organs to the needs and functions of the human organism as a whole
describe the basic factors that affect the functions and efficiency of the human respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems
describe examples of the interdependence of various systems of the human body
illustrate and describe the basic process of cell division, including what happens to the cell membrane and the contents of the nucleus
explain signs of pregnancy and describe the major stages of human development from conception to early infancy
explain processes responsible for the continuity and diversity of life
recognize that the nucleus of a cell contains genetic information and determines cellular processes
distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction in representative organisms
compare sexual and asexual reproduction in terms of their advantages and disadvantages
compare the structure and function of the human reproductive systems
discuss factors that may lead to changes in a cell's genetic information
describe interactions and explain dynamic equilibrium within ecological systems
describe how energy is supplied to, and how it flows through, a food web
describe how matter is recycled in an ecosystem through interactions among plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms
describe interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem
identify signs of ecological succession in a local ecosystem
describe the properties and components of matter, and explain interactions between those components
distinguish between pure substances and mixtures using the particle model of matter
identify and separate the components of mixtures
describe the characteristics of solutions using the particle model of matter
describe qualitatively and quantitatively the concentration of solutions
describe qualitatively the factors that affect solubility
compare the viscosity of various liquids
describe factors that can modify the viscosity of a liquid
describe the relationship between the mass, volume, and density of solids, liquids, and gases using the particle model of matter
explain the effects of changes in temperature on the density of solids, liquids, and gases and relate the results to the particle model of matter
describe situations in daily life where the density of substances naturally changes or is intentionally altered
analyse quantitatively the density of various substances
investigate materials and describe them in terms of their physical properties
describe changes in the properties of materials that result from some common chemical reactions
use models in describing the structure and components of atoms and molecules
identify examples of common elements, and compare their characteristics and atomic structure
identify and write chemical symbol or molecular formula of common elements or compounds
describe sources and properties of energy, and explain energy transfers and transformations
compare various instruments used to measure temperature
explain temperature using the concept of kinetic energy and the particle model of matter
explain how each state of matter reacts to changes in temperature
explain changes of state using the particle model of matter
compare transmission of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation
describe how various surfaces absorb radiant heat
explain, using the particle model of matter, differences among heat capacities of some common materials
identify and describe properties of visible light
describe the laws of reflection of visible light and their applications in everyday life
describe qualitatively how visible light is refracted
describe different types of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves
compare properties of visible light to the properties of other types of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves
explain the production of static electrical charges in some common materials
identify properties of static electrical charges
compare qualitatively static electricity and electric current
describe the flow of charge in an electrical circuit
describe series and parallel circuits involving varying resistance, voltage, and current
relate electrical energy to domestic power consumption costs
determine quantitatively the efficiency of an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy to heat energy
describe the transfer and conversion of energy from a generating station to the home
recognize that many phenomena are caused by forces, and explore various situations involving forces
describe qualitatively the relationship between mass and weight
describe the movement of objects in terms of balanced and unbalanced forces
describe quantitatively the relationship between force, area, and pressure
explain qualitatively the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature when liquid and gaseous fluids are compressed or heated
explain how Earth provides both a habitat for life and a resource for society
describe the composition of Earth's crust
classify rocks and minerals based on their characteristics and method of formation
classify various types of soil according to their characteristics, and investigate ways to enrich soils
explain patterns of change and their effects on Earth
explain the processes of mountain formation and the folding and faulting of Earth's surface
explain various ways in which rock can be weathered
relate various meteorological, geological, and biological processes to the formation of soils
examine some of the catastrophic events, such as earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, that occur on or near Earth's surface
analyse data on the geographical and chronological distribution of catastrophic events to determine patterns and trends
develop a chronological model or time scale of major events in Earth's history
describe processes that lead to the development of ocean basins and continental drainage systems
analyse factors that affect productivity and species distribution in marine and fresh water environments
describe the interactions of the ocean currents, winds, and regional climates
explain how waves and tides are generated and how they interact with shorelines
describe processes of erosion and deposition that result from wave action and water flow
describe factors that affect glaciers and polar icecaps, and describe their consequent effects on the environment
describe the nature and components of the universe
describe theories on the formation of the solar system
describe and classify the major components of the universe
describe theories on the origin and evolution of the universe
describe and explain the apparent motion of celestial bodies
describe the composition and characteristics of the components of the solar system
describe the effects of solar phenomena on Earth
appreciate the role and contribution of science and technology in our understanding of the world
appreciate that the applications of science and technology can have advantages and disadvantages
appreciate and respect that science has evolved from different views held by women and men from a variety of societies and cultural backgrounds
show a continuing curiosity and interest in a broad scope of science-related fields and issues
confidently pursue further investigations and readings
consider many career possibilities in science- and technology-related fields
consider observations and ideas from a variety of sources during investigations and before drawing conclusions
value accuracy, precision, and honesty
persist in seeking answers to difficult questions and solutions to difficult problems
work collaboratively in carrying out investigations as well as in generating and evaluating ideas
be sensitive and responsible in maintaining a balance between the needs of humans and a sustainable environment
project, beyond the personal, consequences of proposed actions
show concern for safety in planning, carrying out, and reviewing activities
become aware of the consequences of their actions
*Because of the nature of the attitudes foundation, no specific learning outcomes have been identified.