demonstrate that science and technology use specific processes to investigate the natural and constructed world or to seek solutions to practical problems
demonstrate processes for investigating scientific questions and solving technological problems
demonstrate and describe processes for investigating scientific questions and solving technological problems
demonstrate and explain the importance of selecting appropriate processes for investigating scientific questions and solving technological problems
compare the results of their investigations to those of others and recognize that results may vary
describe how results of similar and repeated investigations may vary and suggest possible explanations for variations
demonstrate that specific terminology is used in science and technology contexts
demonstrate the importance of using the languages of science and technology to communicate ideas, processes, and results
demonstrate the importance of using the languages of science and technology to compare and communicate ideas, processes, and results
demonstrate that science and technology develop over time
identify examples of scientific questions and technological problems that are currently being studied
identify examples of scientific questions and technological problems addressed in the past
describe examples of scientific questions and technological problems that have been addressed differently at different times
identify examples of scientific knowledge that have developed from a variety of sources
identify examples of scientific knowledge that have developed as a result of the gradual accumulation of evidence
describe how evidence must be continually questioned in order to validate scientific knowledge
describe ways that science and technology work together in investigating questions and problems and in meeting specific needs
describe examples of tools and techniques that extend our senses and enhance our ability to gather data and information about the world
describe examples of tools and techniques that have contributed to scientific discoveries
describe examples of improvements to the tools and techniques of scientific investigation that have led to new discoveries
describe instances where scientific ideas and discoveries have led to new inventions and applications
describe applications of science and technology that have developed in response to human and environmental needs
describe examples, in the home and at school, of tools, techniques, and materials that can be used to respond to their needs
describe and compare tools, techniques, and materials used by different people in their community and region to meet their needs
compare tools, techniques, and scientific ideas used by different people around the world to interpret natural phenomena and meet their needs
provide examples of how science and technology have been used to solve problems in the home and at school
provide examples of how science and technology have been used to solve problems in their community and region
provide examples of how science and technology have been used to solve problems around the world
describe examples of modern technologies that did not exist in the past
describe examples of technologies that have been developed to improve their living conditions
compare past and current needs, and describe some ways in which science and technology have changed the way people work, live, and interact with the environment
identify women and men in their community who work in science- and technology-related areas
identify examples of careers in which science and technology play a major role
provide examples of Canadians who have contributed to science and technology
describe scientific and technological activities carried out by people from different cultures
identify scientific discoveries and technological innovations of people from different cultures
describe scientific and technological achievements that are the result of contributions by people from around the world
describe positive and negative effects that result from applications of science and technology in their own lives, the lives of others, and the environment
identify positive and negative effects of familiar technologies
describe intended and unintended effects of a scientific or technological development
describe how personal actions help conserve natural resources and care for living things and their habitats
describe how technological products and systems can be used to conserve natural resources
describe how personal actions help conserve natural resources and protect the environment in their region
identify their own and their family's impact on natural resources
describe the impact of school and community on natural resources
describe the potential impact of the use by humans of regional natural resources
ask questions about objects and events in the local environment and develop plans to investigate those questions
propose questions to investigate and practical problems to solve
rephrase questions in a testable form
state a prediction and a hypothesis based on an observed pattern of events
define objects and events in their investigations
identify and control major variables in their investigations
identify various methods for finding answers to given questions and solutions to given problems, and select one that is appropriate
plan a set of steps to solve a practical problem and to carry out a fair test of a science-related idea
identify appropriate tools, instruments, and materials to complete their investigations
observe and investigate their environment and record the results
carry out procedures to explore a given problem and to ensure a fair test of a proposed idea, controlling major variables
select and use tools in manipulating materials and in building models
follow a given set of procedures
select and use tools for measuring
make observations and collect information that is relevant to a given question or problem
estimate measurements
record observations using a single word, notes in point form, sentences, and simple diagrams and charts
identify and use a variety of sources and technologies to gather pertinent information
use tools and apparatus in a manner that ensures personal safety and the safety of others
construct and use devices for a specific purpose
interpret findings from investigations using appropriate methods
classify according to several attributes and create a chart or diagram that shows the method of classifying
compile and display data, by hand or by computer, in a variety of formats including frequency tallies, tables, and bar graphs
identify and suggest explanations for patterns and discrepancies in data
evaluate the usefulness of different information sources in answering a given question
draw a conclusion, based on evidence gathered through research and observation, that answers an initial question
suggest improvements to a design or constructed object
evaluate personally constructed devices with respect to safety, reliability, function, efficient use of materials, and appearance
identify potential applications of findings
identify new questions or problems that arise from what was learned
work collaboratively to carry out science-related activities and communicate ideas, procedures, and results
communicate questions, ideas, and intentions, and listen to others while conducting investigations
communicate procedures and results, using lists, notes in point form, sentences, charts, graphs, drawings, and oral language
work with team members to develop and carry out a plan
ask others for advice or opinions
identify problems as they arise and work cooperatively with others to find solutions
work with group members to evaluate the processes used in solving a problem
describe and compare characteristics and properties of living things, objects, and materials
compare the external features and behavioural patterns of animals that help them thrive in different kinds of places
compare the structural features of plants that enable them to thrive in different kinds of places
describe how the human ear is designed to detect vibrations
compare the range of sounds heard by humans to that heard by other animals
compare different rocks and minerals from their local area with those from other places
describe rocks and minerals according to physical properties such as colour, texture, lustre, hardness, crystal shape (minerals)
identify and describe rocks that contain records of Earth's history
relate the characteristics of rocks and minerals to their uses
group materials as solids, liquids, or gases, based on their properties
identify properties such as texture, hardness, flexibility, strength, buoyancy, and solubility that allow materials to be distinguished from one another
relate the mass of a whole object to the sum of the mass of its parts
identify the source of the materials found in an object and describe the changes to the natural materials required to make the object
describe weather in terms of temperature, wind speed and direction, precipitation, and cloud cover
describe situations demonstrating that air takes up space, has weight, and expands when heated
describe the role of a common classification system for living things
distinguish between vertebrates and invertebrates
compare the characteristics of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes
compare characteristics of common arthropods
examine and describe some living things that cannot be seen with the naked eye
compare the conductivity of a variety of solids and liquids
identify characteristics and adaptations that enable birds and insects to fly
describe and justify the differences in design between aircraft and spacecraft
describe the physical characteristics of components of the solar system specifically, the sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, and meteors
describe and predict causes, effects, and patterns related to change in living and non-living things
predict how the removal of a plant or animal population affects the rest of the community
relate habitat loss to the endangerment or extinction of plants and animals
demonstrate and describe how the pitch and loudness of sounds can be modified
describe ways in which soil is formed from rocks
describe effects of wind, water, and ice on the landscape
demonstrate a variety of methods of weathering and erosion
describe natural phenomena that cause rapid and significant changes to the landscape
relate bodily changes, such as acne on the skin and growth of body hair, to growth and development
identify changes that can be made to an object without changing the properties of the material making up the object
identify and describe some changes to materials that are reversible and some that are not
describe changes that occur in the properties of materials when they interact with each other
describe examples of interactions between materials that result in the production of a gas
relate the constant circulation of water on Earth to the processes of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
describe and predict patterns of change in local weather conditions
compare the adaptations of closely related animals living in different parts of the world and discuss reasons for any differences
identify changes in animals over time, using fossils
describe and demonstrate how lift is affected by the shape of a surface
describe and demonstrate methods for altering drag in flying devices
demonstrate how Earth's rotation causes the day and night cycle and how Earth's revolution causes the yearly cycle of seasons
observe and explain how the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun are responsible for the moon phases, eclipses, and tides
describe how astronauts are able to meet their basic needs in space
describe interactions within natural systems and the elements required to maintain these systems
identify a variety of local and regional habitats and their associated populations of plants and animals
describe how a variety of animals are able to meet their basic needs in their habitat
classify organisms according to their role in a food chain
describe the role played by body systems in helping humans and other animals to grow and reproduce and to meet their basic needs
describe the structure and function of the major organs of the digestive, excretory, respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems
demonstrate how the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems work together to produce movement
describe the role of the skin
describe the body's defences, such as tears, saliva, skin, certain blood cells, and stomach secretions, against infections
describe nutritional and other requirements for maintaining a healthy body
identify patterns in indoor and outdoor air movement
describe the key features of a variety of weather systems
describe how microorganisms meet their basic needs, including obtaining food, water, and air, and moving around
identify constellations in the night sky
describe forces, motion, and energy and relate them to phenomena in their observable environment
identify sources of natural and artificial light in the environment
demonstrate that light travels in all directions away from a source
distinguish between objects that emit their own light and those that require an external source of light to be seen
investigate how a beam of light interacts with a variety of objects, in order to determine whether the objects cast shadows, allow light to pass, or reflect light
predict the location, shape, and size of a shadow when a light source is placed in a given location relative to an object
demonstrate and describe how a variety of media can be used to change the direction of light
demonstrate that white light can be separated into colours
compare how light interacts with a variety of optical devices such as kaleidoscopes, periscopes, telescopes, and magnifying glasses
identify objects by the sounds they make
relate vibrations to sound production
compare how vibrations travel differently through a variety of solids and liquids and through air
investigate different kinds of forces used to move objects or hold them in place
observe and describe how various forces, such as magnetic, mechanical, wind, and gravitational, can act directly or from a distance to cause objects to move
demonstrate and describe the effect of increasing and decreasing the amount of force applied to an object
investigate and compare the effect of friction on the movement of an object over a variety of surfaces
demonstrate the use of rollers, wheels, and axles in moving objects
compare the force needed to lift a load manually with that required to lift it using a simple machine
differentiate between the position of the fulcrum, the load, and the effort force when using a lever to accomplish a particular task
design the most efficient lever to accomplish a given task
compare the force needed to lift a load using a single pulley system with that needed to lift it using a multiple pulley system
relate the transfer of energy from the sun to weather conditions
compare the characteristics of static and current electricity
compare a variety of electrical pathways by constructing simple circuits
describe the role of switches in electrical circuits
compare characteristics of series and parallel circuits
demonstrate how electricity in circuits can produce light, heat, sound, motion, and magnetic effects
describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism when using an electromagnet
identify various methods by which electricity can be generated
identify and explain sources of electricity as renewable or nonrenewable
identify and explain different factors that could lead to a decrease in electrical energy consumption in the home and at school
identify and explain the dangers of electricity at work or at play
describe the role of lift in overcoming gravity and enabling devices or living things to fly
identify situations which involve Bernoulli's principle
describe the means of propulsion for flying devices
appreciate the role and contribution of science and technology in their understanding of the world
realize that the applications of science and technology can have both intended and unintended effects
recognize that women and men of any cultural background can contribute equally to science
show interest and curiosity about objects and events within different environments
willingly observe, question, explore, and investigate
show interest in the activities of individuals working in scientific and technological fields
consider their own observations and ideas as well as those of others during investigations and before drawing conclusions
appreciate the importance of accuracy and honesty
demonstrate perseverance and a desire to understand
work collaboratively while exploring and investigating
be sensitive to and develop a sense of responsibility for the welfare of other people, other living things, and the environment
show concern for their safety and that of others in planning and carrying out activities and in choosing and using materials
become aware of potential dangers
*Because of the nature of the attitudes foundation, no specific learning outcomes have been identified.